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This book deals with the theoretical, methodological, and empirical implications of bounded rationality in the operation of institutions. It focuses on decisions made under uncertainty, and presents a reliable strategy of knowledge acquisition for the design and implementation of decision-support systems. Based on the distinction between the inner and outer environment of decisions, the book explores both the cognitive mechanisms at work when actors decide, and the institutional mechanisms existing among and within organizations that make decisions fairly predictable.While a great deal of work has been done on how organizations act as patterns of events for (boundedly) rational decisions, less effort has been devoted to study under which circumstances organizations cease to act as such reliable mechanisms. Through an empirical strategy on open-ended response data from a survey among junior judges, the work pursues two main goals. The first one is to explore the limits of 'institutional rationality' of the Spanish lower courts on-call service, an optimal scenario to observe decision-making under uncertainty. The second aim is to achieve a better understanding of the kind of uncertainty under which inexperienced decision-makers work. This entails exploring the demands imposed by problems and the knowledge needed to deal with them, making this book also a study on expertise achievement in institutional environments.This book combines standard multivariate statistical methods with machine learning techniques such as multidimensional scaling and topic models, treating text as data. Doing so, the book contributes to the collaboration between empirical social scientific approaches and the community of scientists that provide the set of tools and methods to make sense of the fastest growing resource of our time: data. Joan-Josep Vallbéis a political scientist. He works with social and computer scientists, urban designers, and legal professionals, on how to model, measure, and analyze the interaction between citizens and variation in their environment. Change may occur in micro-level contexts such as problem spaces in choice situations or in macro-level phenomena such as metropolitan growth or the regulatory environment. His recent affiliations include the University of Barcelona, and the Institute for Information Law (IViR) at the University of Amsterdam.

A common ground in the literature on elite's notions of democracy is (1) that leaders' notions of democracy can be successfully captured by a representative-participatory dimension, and (2) that the way leaders view democracy is paramount to understand their behavior. Taking on an institutional perspective, the most common model combines an endogenous and exogenous origin of leaders' notions of democracy. The theory assumes that both local institutional arrangements and personal characteristics may have an impact on the way local leaders perceive democracy and behave. However, while some evidence has been found to support the exogenous aspect of this theory (leaders' ideology influence their notions of democracy), the impact of local institutional arrangements on leaders' notions of democracy has received more limited empirical support. In this paper we provide a model of endogenous and exogenous factors on local elite's notions of democracy. In particular, we show that local leaders' political experience endogenizes the effect of ideology on their notions of democracy and on their support to democratic reforms. We test our model using survey data from a sample of mayors in Spanish municipalities and find empirical support for our model. One of our main findings is that the effect of ideology on mayors' support for particular views of democracy decreases with political experience. ; Existe acuerdo en la literatura sobre las nociones de democracia sostenidas por la elite acerca de (1) que las nociones de democracia pueden ser representadas adecuadamente mediante una dimensión representativa-participativa, y (2) que el modo en que los líderes conciben la democracia es relevante para comprender su comportamiento. Desde una perspectiva institucionalista, el modelo más común combina el origen endógeno y exógeno de las nociones de democracia de los líderes políticos. La teoría asume que tanto los aspectos institucionales como las características individuales tienen un impacto sobre la manera en que los líderes perciben la democracia y actúan. Sin embargo, aunque existe evidencia para apoyar el aspecto exógeno de esta teoría (la ideología de los líderes influye en su visión sobre la democracia), el impacto del diseño institucional local sobre las nociones de democracia ha recibido menor apoyo empírico. En este trabajo se proporciona un modelo de factores endógenos y exógenos de las nociones de democracia la elite política municipal. En particular, mostramos que la experiencia política endogeniza el efecto de la ideología sobre las nociones de democracia y el apoyo a reformas institucionales democráticas. Ponemos a prueba nuestro modelo mediante datos de encuesta sobre una muestra de alcaldes de municipios españoles y encontramos apoyo empírico para el mismo. Uno de los principales hallazgos es que el efecto de la ideología sobre el apoyo de los alcaldes a ciertas visiones concretas de la democracia decrece con la experiencia política.

Catalonia has received an unprecedented number of unaccompanied foreign children throughout the past decades, most of them from Morocco. This new form of migration has had a significant effect on the way that Children Welfare Services in Catalonia have been rearranged at different levels. Yet, the administrative reforms were not matched by a parallel substantive debate in Parliament. By analyzing a textual corpus of parliamentary texts, the article concludes that the set of parliamentary activities covering the issue of unaccompanied children contains no elements to ground a substantial political debate around it. ; Cataluña ha recibido un número sin precedentes de menores no acompañados durante las últimas décadas, la mayoría de ellos procedentes de Marruecos. Esta nueva forma de migración ha tenido un impacto significativo en la posterior reorganización de los Servicios de Atención a la Infancia en Cataluña. Sin embargo, las reformas administrativas se llevaron a cabo sin un debate paralelo de fondo en el Parlamento. Mediante el análisis de un corpus textual de los textos parlamentarios, el artículo concluye que el conjunto de las actividades parlamentarias relacionadas con la llegada de menores no acompañados carece de los elementos que permiten generar un debate político de fondo.

Catalonia has received an unprecedented number of unaccompanied foreign children throughout the past decades, most of them from Morocco. This new form of migration has had a significant effect on the way that Children Welfare Services in Catalonia have been rearranged at different levels. Yet, the administrative reforms were not matched by a parallel substantive debate in Parliament. By analyzing a textual corpus of parliamentary texts, the article concludes that the set of parliamentary activities covering the issue of unaccompanied children contains no elements to ground a substantial political debate around it.

With the proliferation of digital data, data mining (DM)—in the sense of the discovery of valuable structures in large sets of data—is expected to increase the productivity of many types of research. This paper discusses how copyright affects DM by academic researchers. In some territories, academic DM is lawful if researchers have lawful access to input works. In other territories such as the European Union, lawful DM additionally requires specific consent by rights holders. Based on bibliometric data and quasi-experimental research designs, we show that where academic DM requires specific rights holder consent: (1) DM publications make up a significantly lower share of total research output, and (2) stronger rule of law is associated with less DM research. To our knowledge, this study is the first to empirically document an adverse effect of intellectual property (IP) on innovation under particular circumstances. There is strong evidence that copyright exceptions or limitations promote the adoption of DM research.

With the proliferation of digital data, data mining (DM)¿in the sense of the discoveryof valuable structures in large sets of data¿is expected to increase the productivityof many types of research. This paper discusses how copyright affects DM by aca-demic researchers. In some territories, academic DM is lawful if researchers havelawful access to input works. In other territories such as the European Union, lawfulDM additionally requires specific consent by rights holders. Based on bibliometricdata and quasi-experimental research designs, we show that where academic DMrequires specific rights holder consent: (1) DM publications make up a significantlylower share of total research output, and (2) stronger rule of law is associated withless DM research. To our knowledge, this study is the first to empirically documentan adverse effect of intellectual property (IP) on innovation under particular circum-stances. There is strong evidence that copyright exceptions or limitations promotethe adoption of DM research.

El trabajo presenta las principales conclusiones de una investigación empírica sobre los expedientes de internamiento tramitados en la provincia de Barcelona en el año 2015. A partir del análisis de 575 expedientes y del uso de una metodología innovadora, se arroja luz sobre el perfil de las personas extranjeras afectadas por el internamiento, así como sobre los criterios que emplean los diversos agentes que intervienen en esta decisión: policías, fiscales, abogados y jueces de instrucción. También se ofrece información sobre la detención que precede a la solicitud de internamiento y sobre las órdenes de salida obligatoria que se pretende garantizar mediante esta forma de privación de libertad. Todos estos datos permiten poner de relieve cuál es el funcionamiento real del internamiento y los criterios que se emplean en la aplicación de la normativa vigente.